FDA-Approved MedicationUpdated September 2026

Semaglutide Guide

Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist carrying two separate FDA approvals: one for managing type 2 diabetes, one for chronic weight management. It has become one of the most prescribed medications in the United States, with clinical trials demonstrating weight loss of up to 15% of body weight.

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By Ruth Calder · Enforcement Editor
Editorially reviewed (not clinically reviewed). Not medical advice · How we verify contentLast reviewed

At a Glance

Generic NameSemaglutide
Brand NamesOzempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus
FDA StatusFDA-approved for type 2 diabetes as Ozempic (2017) and Rybelsus (2019); FDA-approved for chronic weight management as Wegovy (2021)[1][2]
Approval DateJune 4, 2021[1]

How Semaglutide Works

Semaglutide mimics the naturally occurring hormone GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1), which is released after eating. It activates GLP-1 receptors in the brain to reduce appetite and increase feelings of fullness, while also slowing gastric emptying so food stays in the stomach longer. These combined effects lead to reduced caloric intake and meaningful, sustained weight loss.[3][6]

Dosing Schedule

Semaglutide uses a gradual dose escalation to minimize side effects. Always follow your prescriber's guidance and the current FDA label[1].

Weeks 1–40.25mg/week
Weeks 5–80.5mg/week
Weeks 9–121.0mg/week
Weeks 13–161.7mg/week
Week 17+2.4mg/week (maintenance)

Side Effects

Common: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, decreased appetite, headache, fatigue. Serious (rare): pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, kidney problems, diabetic retinopathy complications, increased heart rate. Rare thyroid C-cell tumors observed in animal studies — contraindicated in patients with personal or family history of MTC or MEN2.[1][3]

Nothing above is the full list. Your prescriber can give you the complete safety picture, and every adverse reaction on record sits in the current FDA prescribing information[1].

Clinical Trial Results

STEP-1 (N=1,961) is the landmark result: over 68 weeks, adults on semaglutide 2.4mg shed a mean 14.9% of body weight where the placebo group shed 2.4%. Measured against the 5%-of-body-weight bar, 86.4% of the treated arm cleared it and 31.5% of the placebo arm did.[3][4][5]

Source: Published clinical trial data (STEP / SURMOUNT trial series) — see the Sources panel below for full citations.

Where to Get Semaglutide

Sellers in our register that will dispense semaglutide, or a compounded version of it, after an online consultation — shipped to your door.

9.4/ 10
Verified partner

Trimi Health

Best for: knowing which pharmacy fills the vial: it names VialsRx

★★★★★4.7/5

Editorial score · methodology

$99/mo
CompoundedSemaglutideTirzepatide
Get StartedRead full Trimi Health review →
9.3/ 10
Verified partner

Embody

Best for: knowing which pharmacy fills the vial: it names RedRock Pharmacy

★★★★★4.7/5

Editorial score · methodology

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CompoundedSemaglutideTirzepatideGlutathioneNAD+
Get StartedRead full Embody review →
9.0/ 10
Verified partner

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Editorial score · methodology

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CompoundedSemaglutideTirzepatideNAD+SermorelinLegitScript Verified
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9.0/ 10
Verified partner

bmiMD

Best for: starting below a standard dose, with microdose tiers

★★★★★4.5/5

Editorial score · methodology

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CompoundedSemaglutideTirzepatideGlutathioneNAD+
Get StartedRead full bmiMD review →
9.0/ 10
Verified partner

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Best for: semaglutide at $99/month, 48% below the typical price

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Editorial score · methodology

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CompoundedSemaglutideTirzepatideRetatrutideBPC-157
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8.7/ 10
Verified partner

Gala

Best for: moving between compounded and brand without changing seller

★★★★☆4.4/5

Editorial score · methodology

$129/mo
CompoundedSemaglutideTirzepatideLegitScript Verified
Get StartedRead full Gala review →

What each seller in the register charges to start on a compounded GLP-1, cheapest at the top. Compounded semaglutide from licensed 503A and 503B pharmacies is legal under federal compounding law[7], and the rules have historically loosened further for any molecule sitting on the FDA Drug Shortage List[8]. An FSA or HSA will generally cover either kind of prescription, compounded or branded, under IRS Publication 502[9]. What you actually pay moves with your dose and with whatever promotion happens to be running.

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Short verdict pages setting Semaglutide against the other GLP-1 options, working from the trial results, the dose ladders on each label, and what the manufacturers charge today.

See all drug-vs-drug verdicts.

The trials that produced the Semaglutide label, taken endpoint by endpoint, with the figures read off the source.

STEP-1
STEP-1 is the reason a weight-loss drug became a household subject. Semaglutide 2.4 mg against placebo in 1,961 people carrying obesity but not diabetes produced −14.9% body weight at 68 weeks, against −2.4% on placebo, and 86.4% of the treated group lost at least 5%. It established the Wegovy dose and the modern benchmark for what a GLP-1 can do. It is also the single most quoted figure in this market, which is why it is worth knowing precisely what was in the syringe and who was in the trial.
Phase 3 · N=1,961 · Last verified 2026-05-27
SELECT
SELECT enrolled 17,604 adults aged 45 and over with a BMI of at least 27 and existing cardiovascular disease and no diabetes, then followed them a mean 34.2 months on semaglutide 2.4 mg or placebo. Three-point MACE occurred in 6.5% against 8.0% — a 20% relative reduction. It is the largest and most consequential trial in this section, because it moved semaglutide from a drug that changes how people look to a drug shown to prevent heart attacks and strokes.
3 · N=17,604 · Last verified 2026-05-27
SURMOUNT-5
Almost every comparison of tirzepatide and semaglutide is made by setting two separate trials side by side, which is weak evidence however confident it sounds. SURMOUNT-5 did it properly: one protocol, one population, both drugs, 751 adults over 72 weeks. Tirzepatide reached −20.2% against semaglutide's −13.7%, a 6.5-percentage-point gap. It is the single most useful trial in this section for anyone deciding between the two, and it is the one worth citing instead of the cross-trial arithmetic.
Phase 3b · N=751 · Last verified 2026-05-27
SURPASS-2
Before SURMOUNT-5 compared these drugs for weight, SURPASS-2 compared them for diabetes. In 1,879 adults on metformin with HbA1c between 7.0% and 10.5%, tirzepatide 15 mg lowered HbA1c by 2.30 percentage points against semaglutide 1 mg's 1.86, and produced roughly twice the weight loss. It is the trial most often cited for the claim that tirzepatide is simply stronger — a claim it supports, at these doses, in this population.
Phase 3 · N=1,879 · Last verified 2026-05-27

Questions people actually asked about Semaglutide in named subreddits, each answered from the published trial data.

One-screen references for the dose schedule, what to do about a missed dose, and the side effects that warrant a call. Every figure checked against the DailyMed label.

Wegovy Dose Ladder Cheat Sheet: Shot and Tablet
Wegovy is no longer one product with one ladder. There is a weekly injection that climbs in four steps, a high-dose 7.2 mg strength above the usual maintenance, and a once-daily tablet with a completely separate 90-day schedule and its own rules about food. This page holds all of it against the current label, including the missed-dose arithmetic people most often get wrong.
6 min read · Last verified 2026-08-02
Missed an Ozempic Dose? The Five-Day Window Explained
Ozempic's forgiveness window is five days from the day the shot was due, which is longer than the four-day window on tirzepatide — one reason applying a rule learned on another GLP-1 gets people into trouble. This page covers the decision, the 48-hour minimum between any two injections, and the far murkier question of what to do when the gap has run to weeks rather than days.
4 min read · Last verified 2026-05-27
Sick on a GLP-1: When to Hold the Dose and When Not To
Nobody writes a sick-day rule into a GLP-1 label, which leaves the most common practical question of all without an official answer. What does exist is anesthesia guidance about surgery, and a warning about kidney injury from dehydration that appears on all four major labels. Put those together and the decision becomes reasonably clear: it turns almost entirely on whether you can keep fluids down.
4 min read · Last verified 2026-05-28
GLP-1 Injection Sites: Rotation, Technique and the Lump to Avoid
Every weekly GLP-1 permits the same three injection sites and every one of them tells you to move around. The reason is a lump called lipohypertrophy — thickened fat that soaks up the drug at an unpredictable rate. When absorption becomes erratic so does appetite suppression, and a stalled month gets blamed on the dose when the cause is a favorite square inch of belly.
4 min read · Last verified 2026-05-28

The peer-reviewed studies on Semaglutide and its neighbours that carry the most weight, gathered into lists. Every PMID was checked against PubMed esummary rather than recalled.

The 10 Semaglutide Weight-Loss Trials That Matter (2026)
Semaglutide has been tested more thoroughly for weight than any drug before it, and the ten trials below are the ones that changed something: the dose we use, the label it carries, what happens when you stop, and whether it does anything beyond the scale. Each entry gives the PMID, the design, and the figure that mattered.
10 ranked papers · Last verified 2026-08-16
The 10 Tirzepatide Trials That Built the Case (2026)
Tirzepatide is the only dual GIP and GLP-1 agonist with a finished phase 3 obesity program, and the ten trials below are why it currently sits at the top of the evidence. They cover the pivotal result, what happens in diabetes, what happens when you stop, the direct comparison against semaglutide, and two indications — sleep apnea and heart failure — that have nothing to do with the scale.
10 ranked papers · Last verified 2026-08-16
The 10 Cardiovascular Outcome Trials Behind the GLP-1 Class (2026)
The cardiovascular evidence for this class is now broad enough to compare with statins: more than 80,000 patients across ten major trials. These are the ones that changed a label or a guideline — plus ELIXA, which found no benefit at all and remains the most useful negative result in the field.
10 ranked papers · Last verified 2026-08-16
The 10 Kidney Trials Behind the GLP-1 Class (2026)
For most of the last decade the kidney case for these drugs was assembled from secondary endpoints inside trials designed to measure something else. FLOW finally tested it directly in 2024 and produced the first kidney label in the class. These are that trial and the nine analyses that made anyone think it was worth running.
10 ranked papers · Last verified 2026-08-16

Longer pieces written here, built on the trial papers themselves, checked against the FDA label, and argued rather than summarized.

Muscle Loss: Drug Versus Dieting
Across 20 trials in 15,782 people, the share of weight lost as lean mass was the same on incretin drugs as on dieting (p=0.42). Adding resistance training cut it from about a quarter to 17.5%.
6 min read1 citation
GLP-1s and Atrial Fibrillation: Reading a 42% Headline
A meta-analysis of ten trials in 12,651 patients found a 42% lower risk of new atrial fibrillation on semaglutide. None of those trials was designed to measure it, and the absolute numbers were never published.
6 min read3 citations
Burping, Reflux and Gas on a GLP-1: The Label's Widest Gap
Eructation runs under 1% on placebo against 7% on Wegovy: a sevenfold difference, and the widest relative gap in the adverse-reactions table. Reflux is a much smaller increase than people expect.
6 min read3 citations
Semaglutide and Knee Osteoarthritis: The Number Behind the Headline
A 68-week randomized trial cut WOMAC pain scores by 41.7 points on semaglutide and 27.5 on placebo. The drug's own contribution is the 14.2-point gap.
6 min read2 citations
Constipation on a GLP-1: What the Labels Report and What Actually Helps
The Wegovy label reports constipation in 24% against 11% on placebo; the Zepbound label reports it by dose. Here is why it outlasts the nausea, and where the confident advice online runs ahead of the evidence.
6 min read9 citations
GLP-1 Pancreatitis and Gallbladder Risk: What the Labels Counted
Two labeled warnings that are not the same kind of problem. Gallbladder disease tracks with rapid weight loss and is well counted; pancreatitis is rarer, was an exclusion criterion in the pivotal trials, and the database studies disagree.
12 min read19 citations

Frequently Asked Questions

FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes as Ozempic (2017) and Rybelsus (2019); FDA-approved for chronic weight management as Wegovy (2021)
What you pay for Semaglutide turns on who is selling it and in what form. Uninsured, the branded product runs roughly $1,000 to $1,600 a month; compounded versions through telehealth sellers usually land between $129 and $400. The table above carries the current figures from our register. Before you commit, check whether a manufacturer savings program applies to you.
Common: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, decreased appetite, headache, fatigue. Serious (rare): pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, kidney problems, diabetic retinopathy complications, increased heart rate. Rare thyroid C-cell tumors observed in animal studies — contraindicated in patients with personal or family history of MTC or MEN2.
Semaglutide is prescription-only, so someone licensed has to write it — your own doctor, an endocrinologist, or one of the telehealth sellers above. For compounded versions the telehealth route is usually both quicker and cheaper out of pocket than a traditional pharmacy.
Sources & methodology — as of September 2026
  1. 1.FDA — Wegovy (semaglutide) Approval History via Drugs@FDA— U.S. Food & Drug Administration.
  2. 2.FDA — Ozempic (semaglutide) Prescribing Information via Drugs@FDA— U.S. Food & Drug Administration.
  3. 3.STEP 1 Trial — Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity (Wilding JPH et al.)— New England Journal of Medicine.PMID: 33567185.
  4. 4.SURMOUNT-5 Trial — Tirzepatide vs. Semaglutide Head-to-Head in Obesity (Garvey WT et al.)— New England Journal of Medicine.PMID: 40334173.
  5. 5.SELECT Trial — Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes (Lincoff AM et al.)— New England Journal of Medicine.PMID: 37952131.
  6. 6.ADA — Standards of Care in Diabetes (2025)— American Diabetes Association.
  7. 7.FDA — Compounding and the 503A Pharmacy Framework— U.S. Food & Drug Administration.
  8. 8.FDA — Drug Shortages Database (current shortage listings)— U.S. Food & Drug Administration.
  9. 9.IRS Publication 502 — Medical and Dental Expenses (HSA/FSA eligibility)— Internal Revenue Service.

Glossary

The words sellers use, defined. Tap any term.