Editorial Standards
Sources & Methodology
This is an independent editorial site. Every statistic, every price and every clinical reference on it traces to something listed on this page. Where a primary source exists, we cite that and not somebody's summary of it.
Our pricing data is collected directly from telehealth provider websites and updated continuously. Manufacturer list prices (Wegovy, Ozempic, Zepbound, Mounjaro) are pulled from official patient assistance program pages. Nothing clinical comes from anywhere but a peer-reviewed trial in an indexed journal.
How the scoring and ranking actually work is set out on our Methodology page. What we earn and from whom is on our Disclosure page.
Clinical Trials
Randomized controlled trials and outcome studies, peer-reviewed and published in indexed journals.
Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications
PubMed: 40614622 · DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109116
Acta Diabetologica
PubMed: 39985672 · DOI: 10.1007/s00592-025-02468-5
BMC Endocrine Disorders
PubMed: 37940910 · DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01500-5
The Journal of Sexual Medicine
PubMed: 41498523 · DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf381
JACC: Heart Failure
PubMed: 42417681 · DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2026.103218
New England Journal of Medicine
PubMed: 40305708 · DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2413258
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
PubMed: 29748996 · DOI: 10.1111/dom.13358
New England Journal of Medicine
PubMed: 38785209
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
PubMed: 39789843 · DOI: 10.1111/dom.16176
European Journal of Endocrinology
PubMed: 41701618 · DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvag033
Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology
PubMed: 39970049 · DOI: 10.1097/GCO.0000000000001015
Reproductive BioMedicine Online
PubMed: 31229399 · DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.04.017
JAMA Internal Medicine
PubMed: 41770554 · DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.8222
Diabetes Care
PubMed: 18931095
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
PubMed: 41877354 · DOI: 10.1111/dom.70666
The Lancet
PubMed: 37385278
International Journal of Impotence Research
PubMed: 38778151 · DOI: 10.1038/s41443-024-00895-6
New England Journal of Medicine
PubMed: 26132939
New England Journal of Medicine
PubMed: 37952131 · DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2307563
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
PubMed: 39511836 · DOI: 10.1111/dom.16042
European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
PubMed: 41386332 · DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107406
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
PubMed: 41655226 · DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgag052
New England Journal of Medicine
PubMed: 33567185 · DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2032183
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
PubMed: 35441470
The Lancet
PubMed: 33667417
JAMA
PubMed: 33625476
JAMA
PubMed: 33755728
Nature Medicine
PubMed: 36216945
JAMA
PubMed: 35015037
New England Journal of Medicine
PubMed: 36322838
New England Journal of Medicine
PubMed: 37622681
New England Journal of Medicine
PubMed: 35658024 · DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2206038
The Lancet
PubMed: 37385275
Nature Medicine
PubMed: 37840095
JAMA
PubMed: 38078870
New England Journal of Medicine
PubMed: 40353578 · DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2416394
New England Journal of Medicine
PubMed: 38912654 · DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2404881
The Lancet
PubMed: 34186022
New England Journal of Medicine
PubMed: 34170647 · DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2107519
The Lancet
PubMed: 34370970
The Lancet
PubMed: 34672967
New England Journal of Medicine
PubMed: 27633186
Regulatory & FDA
Guidance, warning letters, shortage listings and compounding rules, all issued by the FDA itself.
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Internal Revenue Service
Teva Pharmaceuticals, via the National Library of Medicine (DailyMed)
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
Eli Lilly and Company, via the National Library of Medicine (DailyMed)
Novo Nordisk, via the National Library of Medicine (DailyMed)
Accreditation Commission for Health Care (ACHC) / PCAB
Novo Nordisk, via the National Library of Medicine (DailyMed)
Novo Nordisk, via the National Library of Medicine (DailyMed)
Eli Lilly and Company, via the National Library of Medicine (DailyMed)
U.S. Department of Labor, Employee Benefits Security Administration
United States Pharmacopeia
United States Pharmacopeia
United States Pharmacopeia
Novo Nordisk, via the National Library of Medicine (DailyMed)
Novo Nordisk, via the National Library of Medicine (DailyMed)
Eli Lilly and Company, via the National Library of Medicine (DailyMed)
Statistics & Epidemiology
Epidemiological datasets from government and non-profit bodies — obesity prevalence, what Medicaid covers, how insurance policy sits.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / NCHS
Kaiser Family Foundation
Kaiser Family Foundation
Kaiser Family Foundation
Kaiser Family Foundation
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
World Health Organization
Pricing & Cost Data
List prices as the manufacturers publish them, the rates their assistance programs quote, and the seller pricing we collect ourselves.
GoodRx Holdings
Eli Lilly and Company
Eli Lilly and Company (LillyDirect)
Eli Lilly and Company (LillyDirect)
Eli Lilly and Company (LillyDirect)
Novo Nordisk (NovoCare)
Novo Nordisk (NovoCare)
Novo Nordisk (NovoCare)
Novo Nordisk (NovoCare)
Novo Nordisk (NovoCare)
Eli Lilly and Company
Clinical Guidelines
Treatment guidelines from professional societies and regulators, which is where our editorial standards come from.
American Heart Association / American College of Cardiology / The Obesity Society
PubMed: 24222017
American Association of Clinical Endocrinology
PubMed: 27219496
American Diabetes Association
The Endocrine Society
The Obesity Society
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Reporting a broken link or outdated source? Please contact us and we will check it and correct the registry inside five business days. Every source URL here gets re-checked by an editor once a month.