Editorial Standards
Sources & Methodology
This is an independent editorial site. Every statistic, every price and every clinical reference on it traces to something listed on this page. Where a primary source exists, we cite that and not somebody's summary of it.
Our pricing data is collected directly from telehealth provider websites and updated continuously. Manufacturer list prices (Wegovy, Ozempic, Zepbound, Mounjaro) are pulled from official patient assistance program pages. Nothing clinical comes from anywhere but a peer-reviewed trial in an indexed journal.
How the scoring and ranking actually work is set out on our Methodology page. What we earn and from whom is on our Disclosure page.
Clinical Trials
Randomized controlled trials and outcome studies, peer-reviewed and published in indexed journals.
New England Journal of Medicine
PubMed: 38785288
The Lancet
PubMed: 19216158
The Lancet
PubMed: 37364588
New England Journal of Medicine
PubMed: 26132939
New England Journal of Medicine
PubMed: 37952131 · DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2307563
New England Journal of Medicine
PubMed: 33567185 · DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2032183
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
PubMed: 35441470
The Lancet
PubMed: 33667417
JAMA
PubMed: 33625476
JAMA
PubMed: 33755728
Nature Medicine
PubMed: 36216945
JAMA
PubMed: 35015037
New England Journal of Medicine
PubMed: 35323065
New England Journal of Medicine
PubMed: 37622681
New England Journal of Medicine
PubMed: 35658024 · DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2206038
The Lancet
PubMed: 37356449
Nature Medicine
PubMed: 38334595
JAMA
PubMed: 38078870
New England Journal of Medicine
PubMed: 40334173 · DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2413944
The Lancet
PubMed: 34186022
New England Journal of Medicine
PubMed: 34170647 · DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2107519
The Lancet
PubMed: 34370970
The Lancet
PubMed: 34508103
New England Journal of Medicine
PubMed: 27633186
Regulatory & FDA
Guidance, warning letters, shortage listings and compounding rules, all issued by the FDA itself.
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
Internal Revenue Service
Accreditation Commission for Health Care (ACHC) / PCAB
U.S. Department of Labor, Employee Benefits Security Administration
United States Pharmacopeia
United States Pharmacopeia
United States Pharmacopeia
Statistics & Epidemiology
Epidemiological datasets from government and non-profit bodies — obesity prevalence, what Medicaid covers, how insurance policy sits.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / NCHS
Kaiser Family Foundation
Kaiser Family Foundation
Kaiser Family Foundation
Kaiser Family Foundation
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
World Health Organization
Pricing & Cost Data
List prices as the manufacturers publish them, the rates their assistance programs quote, and the seller pricing we collect ourselves.
GoodRx Holdings
Eli Lilly and Company
Eli Lilly and Company (LillyDirect)
Eli Lilly and Company (LillyDirect)
Novo Nordisk (NovoCare)
Novo Nordisk (NovoCare)
Novo Nordisk (NovoCare)
Clinical Guidelines
Treatment guidelines from professional societies and regulators, which is where our editorial standards come from.
American Heart Association / American College of Cardiology / The Obesity Society
PubMed: 24222017
American Association of Clinical Endocrinology
PubMed: 27219496
American Diabetes Association
The Endocrine Society
The Obesity Society
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Reporting a broken link or outdated source? Please contact us and we will check it and correct the registry inside five business days. Every source URL here gets re-checked by an editor once a month.