FLOW (trial)
The Phase 3 trials that won approval, and the outcome studies that came afterward on cardiovascular, kidney and sleep-apnea endpoints.
Definition
The first GLP-1 trial built specifically around kidney outcomes: 3,533 adults with type 2 diabetes and CKD on semaglutide 1 mg against placebo (Perkovic 2024 NEJM, PMID 38785209). The kidney composite fell 24%, HR 0.76, and it was stopped early for efficacy — which drove the January 2025 Ozempic label expansion.
GLP Watchdog writes these definitions from FDA labels and peer-reviewed PubMed literature. Not one of them is an AI-generated summary.
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